Each transmitter antenna was fed by its own power amplifier using travelling wave tubes with switching diodes and striplines performing the delays.
2.
However, the system demonstrated very low reliability in the transmitter's travelling wave tube ( TWT ) amplifiers, which led to an extremely expensive re-design and re-installation.
3.
For Configuration 3 units, the Patriot radar was completely redesigned, adding another travelling wave tube ( TWT ) that increased the radar's search, detection, tracking, and discrimination abilities.
4.
Key developments in the post-war period include the travelling wave tube as a way to produce large quantities of coherent microwaves, the development of signal delay systems that led to phased array radars, and ever-increasing frequencies that allow higher resolutions.
5.
A "'passive electronically scanned array "'( PESA ), also known as "'passive phased array "', is a phased array antenna, that is an antenna in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to point in different directions, in which all the antenna elements are connected to a single transmitter ( such as a magnetron, a klystron or a travelling wave tube ) and / or receiver unit for each antenna element, all controlled by a computer.
6.
In 1963, Pierce received the IEEE Edison Medal for " his pioneer work and leadership in satellite communications and for his stimulus and contributions to electron optics, travelling wave tube theory, and the control of noise in electron streams . " In 1975, he received the IEEE Medal of Honor for " his pioneering concrete proposals and the realization of satellite communication experiments, and for contributions in theory and design of traveling wave tubes and in electron beam optics essential to this success . " In 1985, he was one of the first two recipients of the Japan Prize " for outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies ."
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